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Back in the 1860s, toilets were extremely rare and households having their own water supply was even rarer. Yet the proliferation of porcelain in the UK holds a variety of lessons for rapid transition. Wider relevanceįrom supportive and targeted government legislation, the wholesale adoption of new technologies, to the overlapping public concerns around health and the environment – the rise of indoor plumbing contains the first flush of rapid transition.Īt first, it may seem like toilets could teach us very little about addressing the climate crisis.

The combination of factors and policy approaches pursued mirrors the current context of the climate crisis and could shed light on issues around consumer uptake, legislative flexibility, and technological innovation to spur on rapid transition. There were also a variety of environmental and health concerns pushed by citizens that overlapped and crystallised around the issues of sanitation, galvanising widespread action. The transition from outdoor to indoor plumbing required large-scale modernisation of existing infrastructure, new technologies, supportive and targeted legislation, as well as significant changes in behaviour. The rise of indoor bathrooms was a seismic shift in the layout of millions of UK homes and led to significant changes in behaviour, challenging the way people used their homes and thought about their purpose. A little over 100 years ago, most households in the UK did not have access to an indoor bathroom fitted with a toilet, bath, or even running water.

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